Criminal Justice System Essay - 1123 Words

There are three significant issues concerning law enforcement, namely enacting the law, police discretion, and assessment of criminal behavior. Different entities create and enact laws that are specific for the societies those laws represent. In the United States the criminal justice system is broken down into two models, the Consensus model and the Conflict model. The procedure of achieving justice is comprised on three basic levels: policing, justice, and corrections. The two models of criminal justice system are influenced by a plethora of factors. The first model is the consensus model. The consensus model is the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share the same shared values and beliefs. An example of this†¦show more content†¦To illustrate this imagine that two men get into a fight in Times Square. A nearby police officer notices the disturbance and attempts to separate the two men instead of arresting them on the spot. In this hypothetical situation the police officer needed to use discretion to decide how to best handle the situation. At times however, police discretion causes more problems than it resolves. There have been reports of police being called to a scene were a husband is being extremely aggressive towards his wife. The police feel as the situation that is occurring is not severe, and therefore leave the scene. The next day, the police station receives a call that there was a homicide. As they arrive to the scene, the police realized it was the same couple from day before.† The report details in-depth reviews of 84 cases in which 135 people died, including some instances of homicide-suicide — cases when abusers killed victims as well as themselves. In 48 of those 84 cases, police had previously responded to a domestic-violence call†- (WA Report: Criminal-Justice System Fails Domestic-Violence Victims). At times the unfettered use of discretion can lead to the denial of citizen rights, at times the un fettered use of discretion can lead to the denial of citizen rights, and cause many flaws in the justice system; for example, many communities might have different definitions of what constitutes criminal behavior or whatShow MoreRelatedJustice Systems And The Criminal Justice System Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a complex and often uncoordinated system that operates by enforcing the law and seeking justice across countless jurisdictions. It is comprised of many separate agencies including agencies at the federal, state, and local level. Each agency has its own function and goals while operating at different levels of government. The agencies also represent different concerns and values of the public, creating a fragmented system rather than a monolithic, unified system. A monolithicRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is u sing different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objectives of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 PagesGarland (2001), view on â€Å"the criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. 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Indeed, discrimination can start with policingRead MoreJustice And The Criminal Justice System Essay1918 Words   |  8 PagesWhen it comes to the criminal justice system, there is often a gray area between what is considered fair and what is just, with these concepts many times having a connection. Furthermore, justice and fairness are subjective and many times individuals’ concept of what is fair or just differ. Throughout a recent court case involving a Stanford University swimmer being charged with rape, that issue became well evident. This case involved a Stanford student, Brock Turner, being charged with sexuallyRead MoreThe And The Criminal Justice System923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe attention of many scholars. They argue that while the practice has its advantages, it also has crippling drawbacks such as overpopulation in prisons and the undermining the presumption of innocence; the main principle which defines the criminal justice system. Individuals charged with an alleged offense are â€Å"remanded into custody through the issuance of a warrant of committal by a JP or judge† (Griffiths, 2015, pp. 179) and are continued to be held in prison for an indefinite time until they are

Strategic framework tools at Sika AG-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Use of strategic framework analysis tool for Sika AG. Answer: Introduction The strategic framework sets direction of policy as well as planning horizon for business of an organization. It has been a greater emphasis placed on the strategic framework. There are major elements of the framework that needs to be analyzed. Present study deals with making awareness of the process of using strategic framework analysis tool for determining targets as well as integration of the ICT resources. In addition, reviewing the efficiency as well as effectiveness of the technologies as per the organization using lens of the each framework is discussed in the present study. Use of knowledge processing tools for providing competitive advantages is described in the study. Overview of strategic framework tools at Sika AG Grant (2016) stated that there are several strategic framework analysis tools that are used to analyze business of the organization in order to manage internal strategy as well as external environment. It is important to identify the strategic framework tools for analyzing business of the organization. Porters five competitive forces, blue ocean strategy, PESTLE analysis and scenario planning are the tools used for analyzing business of an organization. On the other hand, there is universal acceptance of information and communication technologies for development of a business. For example, in manufacturing industry, the policymakers and staffs agree that information and communication technology are paramount significance to the future development (Anders et al. 2014). The technologies are inter-connected as well as capable to provide online information in real time. It also increases access through developing fruitful communication among the stakeholders. In addition, development of ICTs role in sustainable agriculture in sustainable development of the organization helps to bring new knowledge along with information resources. Moreover, the role if knowledge production as well as dissemination helps the staffs of Sika AG in order to recognize potential negative consequences. As the major aim of Sika AF is providing best quality products to the consumers, which are durable as well as encounter demands of the customers. Satisfaction of the customers regarding the products and services of the organization is one of the main targets of the organization, it is required to develop effective information and communication system that would be helpful to comprehend the needs and gain a scope fulfilling their requirements. Use of strategic frameworks SWOT analysis Sika AG has specialty in producing chemicals and belongs to the industrial products sector. The organization has a tagline named as Innovation and Consistency. It is one of the market leaders in construction chemical sector across the word, which is USP of the organization. The company has segment for the customers looking for high quality as well as efficient products with long term advantages towards development of business (McWilliam et al. 2013). On the other hand, the target group of the company is the customers in production of constructing the materials and industrial products as well as automobiles. Positioning of the company is globally active specialty as a chemical company. In order to analyze business of the organization, SWOT analysis would be helpful for analyzing business of the organization. Strengths: There are more than 15000 staffs operating across the world. It concentrates on the emergency- efficiency that has earned the organization having a strong customer base. In addition, there is a consistent as well as strong annual sale of the organization, which is considered as one of major advantages of the organization. Moreover, the organization is extremely effective in the process of distribution as well as research and development departments, which is located at Baar, Switzerland. The company has a strong brand present in Europe. Weakness: There are several strong points belong to Sika AG that makes the organization a competitive company in chemical industry. However, there is few weakness of the company that needs to be minimized for improving business performance of the organization. There is over dependence on the materials segment of the constriction has minimized the ability for expanding into the industrial sector across the globe (Li et al. 2015). On the other hand, market share of the organization remains very consistent as the organization has witnessed in high as well as lows in the last years. Opportunities: It is important to find opportunities in business in order to competitive advantages in the market. It emphasizes on emerging markets of Eastern Europe, Middle East, South America and South Asia increase development prospects of the organization. In addition acquisitions is very prcised and accounting for good share of the annual revenues of Sika AG. Threats: Peppers and Rogers (2016) mentioned that there are rapid fluctuations in the rate of exchange, especially with Swiss Frac. IT results in generating negative sales year-on-year for the organization. In addition, competition becomes very strong in the industry as well as products of Sika. These are slowly paving way in order to generate efficient products through different players. In addition, international trade hit all times low for economic downturns along with the Euro crisis. The competitors of Sika AG are BASF SE, Lyondell Basell Industries NV and Rockwood Hoodings Inc. Balanced Scoreboard: As stated by Shirch (2015), the balanced scoreboard is one of the management reporting frameworks can be applied to analyze business of the organization. It is extent to the requirements in order to understand the process. It is refined and has inquiries regarding the analysis of the business process. In this perspective, balanced scoreboard can be applied to a specific business sector and metrics, appropriate for the sector. The particular section provides database of working balanced scoreboard. There are 57 % of global organizations working with the balanced scoreboard. Information in the commercial sector is proprietary for related to the specific strategies of the organization (Berger et al. 2013). The companies related to the chemical industries are not concerned with proprietary information and have a mandate for posting with managing information on the particular web sites. In the present case scenario, Sika AG has lack of stable as well as sustainable approach in order to achieve vision as well as has any consistent model to make funding decisions. It is based on the priorities as well as access of getting bigger impact of the decisions. Chua and Banerjee (2013) argued that it is required to develop model as well as structure for decision making process, which is sustained regardless of the economic conditions along with political ideology. There are any ways of making prediction of long term impact of the system. Porters five forces for Sika AG Abo-Hamad and Arisha (2013) mentioned that Porters five force analysis framework analysis helps to assess attractiveness as well as competitive advantages for the organization. Development of the competitiveness can indicate if the industry is useful to enable development of profitability as well as success completely encounter the future challenges. Threat of new entrants: In order to determine attractiveness, the factors like supplier, buyer and new entrants as well as substitutes along with rivalry is generally consulted. In Germany, competition in retail sector is concentrated regarding 1% of getting competiveness produces 70 % of the revenues. Probability score is relevant measurement for getting evaluation of the stock attractiveness. Sika AG displays the probability score of 7 (Thm et al. 2014). There are several new organizations in the market that can come up to the market and might be competitive of Sika AG. Threat of Subsidiaries: However, probability score is higher compared to the peer group. The future adhesive helps the organization to obtain competitive advantages in the market. Substitute products for chemicals have an important value in the market that is required to consider. Bargaining power of buyers: Seaborn and Fels (2015) stated that the element of low cost for producing of the materials strengths the power of the buyers as one of the key force for Sika AG. However, collective bargaining power needs to be considered while analyzing the business performance of the organization. Bargaining power of suppliers: It is relatively weak force in the present market place of Sika AG. However, the element parts of the bargaining power needs to be considered while analyzing business performance of the organization. Work Centered Analysis Work system has been utilized loosely in several areas. In this perspective, a work system is one of the systems in which participants as well as machines can be helpful for performing work utilizing the information and technology as well as resources in order to generate products or services to gain internal or external customers (Girard et al. 2013). The components of work centered analysis framework are internal as well as external consumers of the procedure of business. In addition, the products are produced through the procedure of business. The participants are included in the business procedure. On the other hand, information of the business procedure utilizes and creates the process of business. The technology utilizes procedure of business. The WCA framework can be implied that staffs of the organization speak of the systems and business professionals of the system need to concentrate on the system make performance of work. The system of the framework has much broader comparative to the technology. On the other hand, the links are getting two ways for implementation that the components need to be balanced (Verbong et al. 2013). It makes the changes in one place that may give results in the components. Implementation of information and communication technologies helps to develop business of the organization. The framework is helpful to analyze performance of the business. Assessment of efficiency and effectiveness In order to assess efficiency as well as effectiveness of information and communication technology, different business models and frameworks are used. Based on the Work Centered Analysis the effectiveness of the system can be provided through implementing information and communication technologies for the organization (Koehler et al. 2014). On the other hand, porters five forces is would be helpful for gaining competitive advantages in the business. The framework explains as well as briefly preset the main elements of a strategic analysis. IT also outlines the order that need to be covered in the project of Sika AG. It includes a coherent skeleton of making a comprehensive strategic analysis. It is also important for the organization to adopt particular requirements of the project specification for the clients of the company. On the other hand, corporate-level analysis for the organization is required with several business units. It is more complicated than analysis of the organization in making single line of the business (Suarez-Tangil et al. 2014). However, some projects are required to be oriented to the analysis of industry. It is vital for potential clients for the type of analysis that might be helpful for the organization in order to consider entering to the related the industry. However, related projects are required to include in the part of making analysis of entry into a new market as well as business plans. The logi c of making proper strategic analysis is simple. It explains the issues that can be assessed in the business. In this case, it is needed to analyze the issues in more non-linear manner compared to the practice. However, writing-up for analysis in the linear form would be helpful for generating rational model. It is the way in order to analyze the understandable things to the specific client. Hence, it is required to write comprehensive strategic analysis for Sika AG. As the organization deals with producing chemicals, it would be useful for the organization to support the business through fulfilling their needs (Arnold et al. 2014). However, analyzing the present situation, it would be helpful for making situation as well as solution analysis. There is a tendency to want to avoid answering, trying as well as dodging the real issues through either presentation of the laundry lists of the issues as well as the solutions through presenting different undigested and strategic planning techniques. It provides no comprehensible structure that will be helpful to analyze the business structure of the organization. It is required to have short statement that will happen the organization to continue making the present strategy, which will be combined with brief description and the process. The statements are no longer than the performance of the organization (Zhang et al. 2013). There are several circumstances for the industry structure as well as different aspects of getting competitive environment and the strategy can affect performance of the company. It concentrates on the major elements of the present situation at present time. On the other hand, the causal relationships between the elements that comes together in the assessment analysis as well as the solution analysis. There are interdependencies in which the elements are discussed in the study. It is based on simply on the works best for doing specific situation (Sen et al. 2013). It varies in single line of the business. On the other hand, tradition of the organization makes suggestions on the industry first and followed through analysis of making internal characteristics of the organization. The process is followed through making present strategy. The financial performance need to be assessed by the organization. This order works well for the strategy of business-level in the industries that has well-defined boundaries. On the other hand, corporate-level strategic analysis is useful for better analysis of business performance of the organization. Van Eemeren and Houtlosser (2015) stated that in order to explain the overall business performance at corporate-level, it is important for the organization to gain competitive strategy first. In the local organization, it is required to duopolistic or making oligopolistic competitive environment for Sika AG. The industry analysis needs to merge with making the discussion of the organization to get supportive strategy. However, it makes specific sense for discussing strategy along with developing internal characteristics of the company in the same section. Developing the competitor analysis is difficult to make the position. However, it develops the part of making rivalry discussion for the industry analysis (Davies 2014). However, there are some aspects that can be helpful to form the part of developing internal characteristics analysis. It is important to have differences in the making the value chain and different times to make the sense in order to discuss separate section just be fore the fulcrum. Effectiveness of strategic framework tool In present years, the cost of processing power as well as storage capacity has skyrocketed. The development of broadband as well as internet connections illustrates the fees of communication to drop as speeds of the increase efficiency. Porwal and Hewage (2013) mentioned that the lower cost for providing higher functionality regarding information as well as communication systems has been profound for getting the effect in order to increase population of the internet users along with the fostering development of e-commerce. In the field of transportation, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) such as navigation systems as well as Vehicle Information and Communication System provides drivers having information of traffic that has been started finding ways into the private vehicles. However, for commercial vehicles it becomes easy to track location of the vehicles as well as freight utilizing the GPS. Wamba and Carter (2016) commented that it applies in such of information system to the make the process of optimization in the organization. Moreover, use of electronic tags (RFID) as well as Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) systems like ETC system is utilized in order to collect highway tolls. On the other hand, internet-accessible mobile phones need to be rapidly become more commonplace along with make together with ability that helps to use the servicing of e-mail messaging in order to find the road traffic information. On the other hand, it is required to have some system for the business that includes management of a schedule to the logistics application. It includes photographing inside of the shipping container. It has e several functionalities that would be helpful for the organization to gain competitive advantages (Micheli et al. 2013). On the other hand, the number of using the service is growing day by day. In this perspective, the total number of GPS-equipped services has been estimated to the limit for the organization. Application of strategic framework tool Strategic Planning has a comprehensive process in order to determine the business needs to become and the process of achieving that goal in best possible way. It appraises in the full potential of the particular business as well as explicitly links that is helpful to fulfill business's objectives in order to take some actions along with the resources needed to achieve them. On the other hand, strategic Planning offers systematic procedure in order to ask as well as answer the most critical questions (Fahimnia et al. 2015). It is confronting management team that includes especially large, as well as irrevocable resource commitment decisions. However, successful Strategic Planning processes need to include explaining the mission of the organization, vision along with basic values. On the other hand, targeting the possible business arenas along with exploring each market in order to emerge threats as well as opportunities In addition, it is required to understand current as well as future priorities of the segments of targeted customers. Analyzing strengths as well as weaknesses of the organization is related to the competitors as well as determines that the components of the value chain of the organization need to be properly processed (Wei et al. 2014). Identifying as well as evaluating the alternative strategies would be helpful for the organization in order to gain competitive advantages in the business. However, development of an advantageous business model will bring profitably and make differentiation of the company from the competitors Defining the expectations of stakeholders as well as establishing clear along with making compelling the specific objectives would be helpful for the business. Moreover, preparing the programs, policies as well as plans would be helpful to implement the specific strategy in the business of Sika AG. However, it is required to develop supportive organizational structures as well as decision processes that make the process of information along with controlling the systems. In addition, hiring and training systems can be useful for the organization. Allocation of the resources in order to develop some critical capabilities can be beneficial for Sika AG. Planning for as well as responding to the contingencies and environmental changes would be helpful for the organization (Seaborn and Fels 2015). It is also important to monitor the performance for implementing information and communication system with the help of strategic framework. In addition, core competencies, change management, miss ion and vision statement, corporate strategy as well as scenario and contingency planning would be helpful for the organization. Companies use Strategic Planning: There are several procedures of using strategic planning in an organization. In order to have effective strategic planning, some points need to be considered. Changing the direction as well as performance of the business is required to consider while establishing the strategic plan for the organization. In addition, encouraging the fact-based discussions of making politically sensitive issues and creation of a common framework in order to have effective decision making process in the organization would be helpful for the organization (Van Vuuren et al. 2014). However, setting an appropriate context for making the budget decisions as well as performance evaluations would be useful for analyzing the business. In addition, training the managers of the organization in order to develop better information for making better decisions and increasing confidence in direction of the business would bring competitive strategy for the organization. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that effective use of strategic framework analysis tool is useful for business of an organization in order to analyze the business performance of the organization. On the other hand, implementing ICT strategies is one of the most important strategies at current business perspective in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. There are several tools as strategic framework analysis tool are available for analyzing business of the organization such as SWOT analysis, Balanced Scorecard, Porters five forces and work centered analysis. Using these strategic frameworks can analyze the business performance and find the core strengths of the business that the company likes to focus. On the other hand, finding loopholes are required to minimize in the organization in order to retain in the market with respective position. Recommendations It is important for an organization to improve business process through adopting some measures that can be helpful for better alignment of information and communication technology with the present business strategies. In the present business process, it is required to use the strategic framework to analyze the present business process. However, analysis through different tool needs to be compared while analyzing the business performance. In addition, it is required to find the business opportunities that can convince management and obtain competitive benefits. It will be also significant for the organization to adopt the recommendations plan and implementing in present business scenario. References Abo-Hamad, W. and Arisha, A., 2013. Simulation-based framework to improve patient experience in an emergency department.European Journal of Operational Research,224(1), pp.154-166. Anders, S., Pyl, P.T. and Huber, W., 2014. HTSeqa Python framework to work with high-throughput sequencing data.Bioinformatics, p.btu638. Arnold, O., Bilheux, J.C., Borreguero, J.M., Buts, A., Campbell, S.I., Chapon, L., Doucet, M., Draper, N., Leal, R.F., Gigg, M.A. and Lynch, V.E., 2014. Mantiddata analysis and visualization package for neutron scattering and SR experiments.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,764, pp.156-166. Berger, T., Rublack, R., Nair, D., Atlee, J.M., Becker, M., Czarnecki, K. and W?sowski, A., 2013, January. A survey of variability modeling in industrial practice. InProceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-intensive Systems(p. 7). ACM. Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Davies, J.C., 2014.Comparing environmental risks: tools for setting government priorities. Routledge. Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J. and Davarzani, H., 2015. Green supply chain management: A review and bibliometric analysis.International Journal of Production Economics,162, pp.101-114. Girard, C., Ecalle, J. and Magnan, A., 2013. Serious games as new educational tools: how effective are they? A meta?analysis of recent studies.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,29(3), pp.207-219. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Koehler, M.J., Mishra, P., Kereluik, K., Shin, T.S. and Graham, C.R., 2014. The technological pedagogical content knowledge framework. InHandbook of research on educational communications and technology(pp. 101-111). Springer New York. Li, W., Cowley, A., Uludag, M., Gur, T., McWilliam, H., Squizzato, S., Park, Y.M., Buso, N. and Lopez, R., 2015. The EMBL-EBI bioinformatics web and programmatic tools framework.Nucleic acids research,43(W1), pp.W580-W584. McWilliam, H., Li, W., Uludag, M., Squizzato, S., Park, Y.M., Buso, N., Cowley, A.P. and Lopez, R., 2013. Analysis tool web services from the EMBL-EBI.Nucleic acids research,41(W1), pp.W597-W600. Micheli, F., Halpern, B.S., Walbridge, S., Ciriaco, S., Ferretti, F., Fraschetti, S., Lewison, R., Nykjaer, L. and Rosenberg, A.A., 2013. Cumulative human impacts on Mediterranean and Black Sea marine ecosystems: assessing current pressures and opportunities.PloS one,8(12), p.e79889. Peppers, D. and Rogers, M., 2016.Managing Customer Experience and Relationships: A Strategic Framework. John Wiley Sons. Porwal, A. and Hewage, K.N., 2013. Building Information Modeling (BIM) partnering framework for public construction projects.Automation in Construction,31, pp.204-214. Seaborn, K. and Fels, D.I., 2015. Gamification in theory and action: A survey.International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,74, pp.14-31. Sen, K., Kalasapur, S., Brutch, T. and Gibbs, S., 2013, August. Jalangi: A selective record-replay and dynamic analysis framework for JavaScript. InProceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering(pp. 488-498). ACM. Shirch, L., 2015.Little Book of Strategic Peacebuilding: A Vision And Framework For Peace With Justice. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.. Suarez-Tangil, G., Tapiador, J.E., Peris-Lopez, P. and Ribagorda, A., 2014. Evolution, detection and analysis of malware for smart devices.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(2), pp.961-987. Thm, T., Apel, S., Kstner, C., Schaefer, I. and Saake, G., 2014. A classification and survey of analysis strategies for software product lines.ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR),47(1), p.6. Van Eemeren, F.H. and Houtlosser, P., 2015. Strategic maneuvering: Maintaining a delicate balance. InReasonableness and Effectiveness in Argumentative Discourse(pp. 349-379). Springer International Publishing. Van Vuuren, D.P., Kriegler, E., ONeill, B.C., Ebi, K.L., Riahi, K., Carter, T.R., Edmonds, J., Hallegatte, S., Kram, T., Mathur, R. and Winkler, H., 2014. A new scenario framework for climate change research: scenario matrix architecture.Climatic Change,122(3), pp.373-386. Verbong, G.P., Beemsterboer, S. and Sengers, F., 2013. Smart grids or smart users? Involving users in developing a low carbon electricity economy.Energy Policy,52, pp.117-125. Wamba, S.F. and Carter, L., 2016. Social media tools adoption and use by SMEs: An empirical study. InSocial Media and Networking: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications(pp. 791-806). IGI Global. Wei, F., Roy, S. and Ou, X., 2014, November. Amandroid: A precise and general inter-component data flow analysis framework for security vetting of android apps. InProceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 1329-1341). ACM. Zhang, Y., Yang, M., Xu, B., Yang, Z., Gu, G., Ning, P., Wang, X.S. and Zang, B., 2013, November. Vetting undesirable behaviors in android apps with permission use analysis. InProceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer communications security(pp. 611-622). ACM.

Filtered Speech Experiment Essays - Electric Power,

Filtered Speech Experiment Filtered Speech Experiment Purpose The purpose of the filtered speech experiment was to look for three things. The first was to see/hear which frequencies can be eliminated from speech signal and conversely which frequencies can not in order to understand speech. The second purpose was to learn more about sound filters; and the third was to understand what it is like to experience hearing loss. Instrumentation The instruments we used during this experiment were: 1) Low pass filter of the Coulbourn insrument 2) Tape recorder 3) Tape of two syllable words 4) Speaker (non-human) Methodology The experimenter selected an initial cut-off frequency of 1000 Hz on the low pass filter, and then reduced the frequency by 1000 Hz increments. Below 1000 Hz the frequency was cut in half. (500, 250) We were asked to note the clarity of the signal at each cut off and the changes that occurred. Two words were presented at each level and we were asked to evaluate clarity. The frequency cut off was then added. Results 10,000 Hz clear 4000 Hz - clear 9000 Hz clear 3000 Hz a little low 8000 Hz- clear 2000 Hz unclear articulation 7000 Hz clear 1000 Hz not clear, sounds mumbled 6000 Hz clear 500 Hz sounds muffled 5000 Hz clear 250 Hz unintelligible English Conclusions The results of the experiment led to the following conclusions: 1) 500,1000 and 2000 Hz are the frequencies needed to really understand speech 2) Consonants were not heard at 1000 Hz because of hearing loss in high frequency 3) Vowels carry the power of the message and syllabic information 4) The difference was heard at the frequency level of 2000 Hz and below. Comments This experiment really helped me to understand the way a low pass filter works and how difficult it must be for a person with high frequency hearing loss to understand speech. Science

buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay

buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay Netflix is an American company established in 1997 by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings. It specializes in providing on-demand internet streaming media and serves the United States of America, Latin America and Canada. Its headquarters is in Los Gatos, California. By 2009, it had approximately 10 million subscribers and distributed a collection of 100,000 DVD titles. By April 2011, Netflix had 23.6 million subscribers. The company is famed for its excellent worker-oriented culture, which includes unlimited vacation time and enabling staff to take paychecks in stock options. Netflix rates as among the most successful technology based ventures serving the United States, Canada, and Latin America. The topic of change management is a sensitive one, especially for Netflix. This is given the company has a very large clientele who can be negatively provoked by any negative venture by the management. Netflix has recently had some problems and lost a big amount of subscribers because of the inc rease of prices among other things. This occurred during the companys shift from physical DVD rental to video streaming. Thus, extra caution should be taken in managing the activities of Netflix. There are various change management models proposed, for instance Kotters 8-step model, Bridges Change model, Kubler-Rosss 5-stage model among many others. Let us use Kotters 8-step model and Bridges Change model for this crisis audit. In its undertakings, Netflix has used some aspects of Kotters model that emphasize urgency. For example, Netflix management has been quick in responding to its market shift. This is through expansion of the DVD rental business to include video streaming. This made a lot of sense, as the firm kept the same customer base, fulfilled the same needs of the customers, but most importantly in a different format. This is outstanding when compared with, for instance, Blockbuster, which despite its physical retail locations could not make such daring market shifts Netflix saw the urgency of migrating to electronic video streaming from physical video DVDs. William Bridges, on the other hand, proposes a theory of change that involves a three-phase process. These are mainly based on contrasting the change with transition (Green, 2002). When looked at using Bridges ideas, Netflix is deficient in some aspects. The introduction of video streaming in the established DVD rental business was confusing to customers. This could have been done better through separating the two business ventures and supporting them fully. By not doing this, Netflix did not afford clients the transition envisaged by Bridges. The companys website became a mixed up entity of choices between getting instant services or joining long queues of waiting for physical movie DVDs. Netflix added the video streaming service for free. On one hand, the company used the Kotters idea that emphasizes the creation of short come wins. However, this was ignoring the expectations of customers, which are central to both Kotters and Bridges models. By introducing streaming freely, some customers were made to believe that future services of Netflix would be free. In essence, this would never happen. Kotter argues that it is important to convince the stakeholders that the proposed change is necessary. This was overlooked by Netflix by introducing a service for free (streaming)and offering incentives for them to move from physical to electronic, instead of taking the time to explain the need and advantage of the change. Netflix change management deficiencies even took a greater nosedive when the company hiked the price for DVD rental and streaming service. Customers could not understand this increment of price because of a service they did not originally ask for. Netflix further went on to introduce a separate website for the two services and made it clear that the Netflix brand only applied to the streamingg service. Instead of concentrating of removing obstacles (as proposed by Kotter), Netflix added more barriers. These careless decisions motivated customers to try out alternatives to Netflix. Change can make a firm remain relevant in todays dynamic world. Taking advantage of new trends may enable a company to earn more income and grow. Change may also enable a company to solve immediate problems or evade future troubles. This can be elaborated by the example of Netflix, whose decision to venture into a virgin field of DVD marketing enabled it make a lot of profit (Green, 2002). Netflix has remained relevant today because of adopting new technologies, for instance video streaming. Netflix should continue to shop for cutting age technologies in order to remain relevant. A good shift would be adopting model-driven development in providing on-demand internet streaming media. A decision to pursue positive change may bring Netflix out of its current mess. Applying Bridges and Kotters change models may bring the desired future in the company. The company should refocus on the expectations of its clientele. This involves determining and addressing their complaints. Key challenges faced in managing change are lack of support from stakeholders, lack of foresight and communication barriers. In the case of Netflix, the clients-who are the stakeholders in this case- did not get proper communication about the need for change, thus failed to support or resisted the change to video streaming. The managers of Netflix failed to foresee the problems of merging physical DVDs and Video streaming services. Netflix should learn from this oversight and in future, adopt public relations ventures before introducing new ideas to the market. Change and change management should be planned. There should be wide consultation with both managers and clientele on the change proposed. In addition, change should be looked at from the long-term benefits rather than the short term wins. Buy custom Radical Islamic Fundamentalism essay

Vodafone Marketing Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vodafone Marketing Issues - Assignment Example Proposal: From the above annexure, it is observed that sales, as well as the market capitalization of the organization, has increased in the past year owing to the advertising efforts taken up by the company from past 2007 in the Hong Kong as well as the other units. Out of the total revenues generated by the advertising companies, a 9% increase is attributed to the Vodafone advertising campaigns (Eaton. M, 2007). With the increase in the ad spends, the company could boost its sales of mobiles and network services so much that even though the Average Revenue per User (ARPU) has been reduced to its rock-bottom prices, the increased customer base improved the profitability levels of the company. As already known, due to the recessionary pressures in this year, the sales targets were cut down twice already. The company is gearing up to face the turmoil by cost-cutting measures. In this exercise, reports suggest that severe cut in the ad spend would be taken up as one such measure along with the other measures of job cuts and logistics. (Thiel. S, 2009). As already emphasized, ad spend is directly related to the increase in sales and customer growth, a cut in that expenditure may cause negative repercussions for the organization. Instead, if increase in the ARPU is considered commensurate to the industry levels, given the existing large customer base of 289 million customers (Anon. 1, 2008), more revenue can be generated per customer which could be utilized for the required ad spend thereby giving a scope for the growth of the customer base in the future also. Research conducted by the Mc. Kinsey and London Business School suggests that firms which reduce their ad spend during the worst of the times tend to lose both in the short and the long terms.  

Effects of Mass Production of Industrial Corn Research Paper

Effects of Mass Production of Industrial Corn - Research Paper Example The temperate plains of the US offers some of the best emergent environment for corn in the earth, that making the US as the world's top manufacturer of corn in terms of both price and volume. So that US is not only the top manufacturer of corn in the world, but also the top exporter. â€Å"On average, about 20 percent of corn produced in the US is exported. During fiscal year 2010, the United States exported 49.9 million metric tons (1.96 billion bushels) - accounting for 53.8 percent of world corn exports. During the same period, other major corn exporters included Argentina (16.7 million metric tons, or 660 million bushels) and Brazil (8.6 million metric tons, or 338 million bushels)† (Corn: Zea Mays, Family Poaceae, Commonly Known as Maize, 2010). Industrial corn is mainly used for industrial purpose. So that mass production of industrial corn create certain issues or problems in U S. Main two problem faced by the society due to the impact of mass production of corn is the environmental problem and economic problem. Environmental problem can be reduced by way of reducing the chemical usage for producing the corn for industrial usage. Like economic problem of the corn can be reduced by way adopting the most stable financial policy. This research proposal consists of economic and environment problem of the mass production of the corn and also the causes of these problem.... Now a day, due to the globalized economy, the world faces many problems pertaining to the .environment such as water pollution, air pollution, etc and these environmental problems have direct and indirect impacts on the society. An environmental problem happens whenever there is a change in the quantity or quality of any environmental issue which indirectly or directly influences the health and well-being of man in an unfavorable manner. Environmental problems history is always regarding human dealings with the natural world. The important objective of environmental history is to increase our understanding of how a human has been influenced by the environment in the past and also how they have influenced those surroundings and with what consequences. Direct Problems: For mass production of corn the agriculture sector requires ample fertilizers and the intensive use of fertilizers create water pollution, which, in turn, may affect human health and natural eco system. As such, this may be described as the â€Å"environmental and health consequences of industrial agriculture† (Lappe, 2011, para. 4). The use of chemicals can cause negative impacts in human and mammals and livestock. Increased production will lead to the increased production of ethanol. In the US more ethanol refining plants are seeking permission to start new facilities. To increase maximum corn production for getting more profit the agriculturists may use nitrogen and other chemicals, which will affect the surface and ground water quality. Indirect Problems: The massive use of corn for industrial purpose would bring high demand for the corn which will lead to the increase in the price of the product and to meet increased demand the country have to import from other countries. â€Å"The

Primary education Essay Example for Free

Primary education Essay According to the Kenyan government, education is â€Å"A long term objective to provide basic quality education to enhance Kenyans ability to preserve and utilize the environment for productive and sustainable livelihoods, to develop quality of the human race; to realize the universal access to education and training for all including the disadvantaged and the vulnerable and as a necessary tool for development and protection of the democratic institutions of human rights† (Ministry Of Education Science and Technology, 2005 pp2). The current Kenyan education system consists of Early Childhood Education, primary and secondary education. Early Childhood Education takes one year. At the end of the primary education, pupils sit for the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) prepared by the Kenya National Examination Council. Performance in the KCPE determines who is admitted to secondary schools. At the end of secondary education, students sit for the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education. Primary school education in Kenya is a basic and is considered the root of all formal and informal learning in Kenya. Free and compulsory primary education for Kenyan children was one of the key pre-election promises that led the NARC government led by President Mwai Kibaki, to ascend to power in December 2002. Since then, an estimated 1. 5 million children, who were previously out-of school, have turned up to attend classes (Paul Kenya, 2008). The free Primary Education policy was first implemented in January 2003. The FPE policy focuses on attaining Education For all and in particular, Universal Primary Education. Key concerns are access, retention, equity, quality and relevance and internal and external efficiencies within the education system (Ministry Of Education Science and Technology, 2005a, pp3). Through the FPE policy, the NARC government scrutinized the current 8-4-4 systems, which had previously been coupled with retention and reduced enrolment before it came to power. The policy’s focus is on â€Å"quality education and training as a human right in accordance to Kenya law and international conventions† (Ministry Of Education Science and Technology, 2005 pp3). VISION Quality education for development. (Elimu bora Kwa Maendeleo) MISSION To provide, promote and co-ordinate lifelong education, training and research for KLenya’s sustainable development. POLICY OBJECTIVES 1. To achieve education for all (EFA) by 2015 2. To achieve transition rate of 70% from primary to secondary from the current rate of 57% 3. To enhance access, equity and quality primary education 4. To achieve 50% improvement levels of literacy by 2015 5. To attain universal primary education (UPE). This is in line with the United Nation’s Millennium Development Goals 6. To reduce the number of primary school children drop outs. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE POLICY 1. Increase in number of children enrolled in primary schools. Primary education has witnessed phenomenal growth since the policy was established. The number of primary school pupils rose dramatically from 5. 9 million in 2002 to 7. 6 million in 2005 to 82. 78 in 2009, according to a World Bank report, published in 2010 2. Significant reduction in the repetition rate. The number of students repeating and dropping out has reduced significantly() this may be attributed to the fact that parents no longer have to think about paying school fees. CHALLENGES FACED BY THE POLICY. 1. Delays in Funds Disbursement Delays in distributing funds to support free primary school education is one of the challenges facing the policy implementation. This has frustrated many teachers, put pressure and on parents financial burdens. Teachers thus lack motivation to teach the increasing number of pupils as a result of the introduction of the policy. 2. Teacher Shortages A UNESCO survey on the evaluation of the Free Primary policy (UNESCO, 2005) indicates that the teacher: pupil ratio, in a significant number of schools was 1:70 which was far beyond the recommended maximum rate of 1:40. Such a high ratio has got challenges. For example, teachers find it impossible to pay attention to all learners, especially the slow ones. Also teachers were not able to give adequate assignments to the pupils, as they could not cope with the marking and teaching workload (UNESCO, 2005). 3. Teacher-Learning Facilities There is a challenge in the limited teacher-learning facilities, which forces pupils to share. Sharing of facilities such as textbooks, exercise books, pens e. t. c has affected pupil’s accessibility to the books while at home and many have to do their homework early in the morning the next day when in school. There is also the issue of inadequate physical facilities where most schools did not have adequate classroom to accommodate the large number of pupils enrolled under the FPE programmes. 4. Managerial Skills Most school managers (the head teachers) are not well equipped in managerial skills. This is to say that their managerial skills are poor and these results to poor results by the schools they head as well as mismanagement of available funds. 5. Mobility from Public to Private and within Public Schools This may not be a major challenge but it still is a challenge. Teachers complain that pupils’ frequent transfers from one school to another at any point of the term and in any class affect content delivery. This may be as a result of a preference for free and cheaper education, school availability and its proximity as well as the highest grade offered in a school. A lower fee is also a factor, and cheaper or free schools seemed to be an important motivation for school transfer. 6. Embezzlement of Funds and Corruption Embezzlement of funds is a core challenge. Some government officials are corrupt and hence there is mismanagement or misallocation of funds that are allocated to them, (UNESCO, 2005). For instance, the sponsor’s funds; this makes some children who are poor miss the opportune moments of schooling. I addition to that, senior officials in the Ministry of Education, in Kenya have been accused of protecting corrupt headmasters suspected of embezzling funds because they are also indirectly benefiting from incentives that are being paid by parents, disgruntled senior education officials have revealed, (UNESCO, 2005). RECCOMENDATIONS 1. Timely release of funds. Funds should be released as soon as they are available. This will ensure the teachers and students remain motivated to learn. 2. Increase numbers of teachers employed and increase their wages. Increasing the number of teachers permanently employed in public primary schools will help to take care of the teacher-student ratio. Increasing their wages will also ensure that the teachers are motivated to do their work well. 3. Investing in Teacher-Learning Facilities. The government should invest in building more classrooms to reduce the current congestion in the classrooms. The government should also work hand in hand with sponsors and international investors to ensure the pupils have enough books, pens and other facilities needed by both teachers and pupils. 4. Training of managers. Heads of schools should be trained on how to manage the funds given to them as well as efficiently running the schools. 5. Monitor ministry officials and those handling the funds. An organization or body that can monitor the ministry officials and those handling the funds such as the anti-corruption commission of Kenya to ensure that those handing the funds are not corrupt and those caught in corrupt practices face the law. REFERENCES 1. UNESCO (2005). Challenges of implementing free primary education in Kenya: assessment report. Kenya. Nairobi: Ministry of Education, Science Technology. 2. Okwach, A. and George, O. (1997). Efficiency of primary education in Kenya: situational analysis and implications for educational reform. Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research. 3. UNESCO (2006). Fact book on education for all, UNESCO Nairobi 4. Voss, R. ; Bedi, A. ; Kimalu, P. K. ; Manda,D. K. ; Nafula,N. N; Kimenyi, M. S. Achieving universal primary education: Can Kenya Afford it? University of Connecticut: Department of Economics working paper series.